Guide for Returning Scientists

Continuing Your Research Career in Croatia

A concise, practical overview of recruitment, programme agreements, academic ranks, administration, indicative salaries and living costs, and funding sources for researchers considering a return to Croatia.

This content is based exclusively on the Croatian Scientists Abroad Association Penkala guide, June 2026 edition. Regulations, criteria, calls, costs and administrative procedures may change. Before making a decision, check the current requirements with the institution and on the linked official websites.

How the system works in 2026

Returning-scientist positions are no longer approved solely as individual posts under the old model. Institutions plan them through multiannual programme agreements and their own development priorities.

Programme agreements

The institution plans the position

Programme agreements define development objectives, international cooperation, infrastructure, recruitment plans, funding for positions and talent attraction in advance.

The guide describes a four-year cycle

The programme agreements described in the guide were signed for four years, with a review after two years. The first agreements were signed between late 2023 and late 2025, so they do not expire at the same time for every institution.

Early communication is essential

If a position has not already been planned, an institution may recruit the candidate to a regular position or try to include the position in the two-year review or a new programme agreement.

Where the guide locates programme agreements
Institution Date signed Link or verification method
University of Zagreb November 2025 MZOM
Universities of Osijek and Split, and University North October 2025 MZOM
Universities of Dubrovnik, Slavonski Brod, Pula, Zadar and Rijeka October 2025 MZOM
Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Institute of Economics, IRMO, IMI, Croatian Forest Research Institute, Institute of Physics, Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Ruđer Bošković Institute, IDIZ, Institute for Tourism, Institute of Ethnology and Folklore Research, Institute of Archaeology, Institute of Croatian Language, and Zagreb University of Applied Sciences December 2023 The guide states that the agreements should be sought on the institutions' websites or requested directly. IRB example
What does “returning scientist” mean?

The guide uses the term for scientists who decide to continue their careers in Croatia after working abroad. The original programme was launched in 2004 to encourage return, knowledge transfer and international networking, while the Ministry approved positions and covered salaries at public universities or institutes. The criteria were revised in 2018, and programme agreements introduced from late 2023 significantly changed the structure and implementation. The guide explicitly presents the view that the old programme therefore ceased to exist in its original form as the perspective of certain stakeholders.

Why does capacity vary between institutions?

Financial and organisational capacity for new recruitment is not the same everywhere. The guide cites the Institute of Physics, the Ruđer Bošković Institute and the Faculty of Science at the University of Zagreb as examples of institutions with experience in international projects and returning-scientist positions, but this does not guarantee an available vacancy. Returning-scientist positions are increasingly integrated into broader development plans rather than treated as a separate administrative category.

Five steps to employment

01

Contact the institution

Approach a research group or an individual professor. Check whether there is interest, an available position and sufficient institutional recruitment capacity.

02

Assess the fit

The institution assesses your research field, alignment with its development priorities and programme agreement, and whether the position can be included in its recruitment plan.

03

Begin the formal selection procedure

Once an agreement has been reached, the formal selection procedure for a research or research-and-teaching position begins, including evaluation by a committee and a trial lecture.

04

Arrange recognition of qualifications

In parallel, and preferably in advance, obtain confirmation of citations, initiate evaluation of your foreign qualification and, where relevant, recognition of employment periods completed abroad.

05

Decision and employment contract

Once the position has been approved, the relevant Field Committee verifies whether the candidate meets the national criteria. After the institution receives the decision, the employment contract is signed.

In the first conversation, do not ask only whether a job is available. Discuss opportunities to develop your own group, laboratory infrastructure, project applications, internationalisation and long-term career prospects.

Academic ranks, criteria and administration

Election to an academic rank and appointment to a position are related but separate procedures. In addition to national criteria, an institution may set further requirements.

Start early
R1 Research Associate / Assistant Professor

The first comparable level of research and research-and-teaching career progression.

R2 Senior Research Associate / Associate Professor

A higher level of independent research or teaching work.

R3 Scientific Adviser / Full Professor

The highest level before permanent appointment.

R4 Permanent appointment

Scientific Adviser with permanent appointment or Full Professor with permanent appointment.

What is evaluated?

The 2026 national criteria emphasise the candidate's overall contribution, not only the number of publications.

  • Quality and international visibility of research.
  • Leadership of and participation in competitive projects.
  • Supervision of students and doctoral candidates, and teaching contribution.
  • Institutional engagement, international cooperation and contribution to the community.
  • As an example for appointment as Assistant Professor, the guide cites at least one requirement from the teaching contribution category and one from the research and professional contribution category; higher levels require more achievements.

Additional institutional requirements

Alongside the national criteria, an institution may require qualifications related to its strategic priorities.

  • Teaching experience and supervision of doctoral candidates.
  • Experience in project leadership and attracting funding.
  • Alignment with the institution's research and development priorities.
  • Expectations concerning teaching, supervision and institutional work.

Three administrative procedures that may take time

Citation report — NSK

EUR 13.27A response is usually provided within a few days
  • Submit the request through the online form or to bibliometrijske.usluge@nsk.hr.
  • Attach a list of publications indexed in Web of Science and/or Scopus.
  • State “Returning Scientist” as the purpose of the request.

Qualification evaluation — AZVO

several monthsThe procedure may take this long; documentation is submitted by post
  • Obtain a certified translation of the diploma and supporting documents into Croatian or English.
  • Prepare certified copies of the diploma, supporting documents and previous qualifications.
  • Include a copy of your identity card, the original certificate of citizenship, a CV with a publication list, and a chronological summary of your education.
  • Include the application and proof of payment of the administrative fees.
  • If the supporting documents do not contain all required information, request an additional certificate from the institution that awarded the doctorate.

Employment periods abroad — HZMO

0.5%The general salary increase per completed year of service stated in the guide
  • Employment periods completed abroad may affect salary, annual leave and pension rights.
  • For service abroad, the guide refers to Interpretation 50/2014: for the salary increase, the period must be recognised as a pension-insurance period under the applicable rules and agreements.
  • The interpretation specifically refers to periods completed in countries covered by agreements and periods completed in the European Union after 1 July 2013.
  • Check with HZMO and your employer whether this interpretation applies under the current collective agreement.
  • Submit an application and available evidence to HZMO; the procedure may take several months.
  • Provide HZMO's decision to the administration of your new institution.
Associate and other positions
  • Assistant: an entry-level six-year position combined with doctoral study.
  • Project assistant: depending on the project, it lasts two to four years and may or may not include doctoral study.
  • Senior assistant: a postdoctoral position lasting no more than four years.
  • Teaching positions without a research component include Lecturer, Senior Lecturer, College Professor, Language Instructor and Senior Language Instructor.
  • Professional positions include Professional Associate, Senior Professional Associate and Professional Adviser.
Previous criteria for the “returning scientist” category — for guidance only

The guide notes that positions included in programme agreements may in many cases follow the earlier guidelines set out in the 2018 and 2019 decisions. These are not automatically the current conditions of every call — confirm the final criteria directly with the institution.

  • Meeting the criteria for Assistant Professor, Associate Professor, Full Professor or Full Professor with permanent appointment.
  • At least four years of work in the research system outside Croatia after obtaining a doctorate.
  • Exceptionally, at least two years of experience where the doctorate was completed at a university ranked among the ARWU top 300, plus at least two additional years of research engagement at such a university.
  • For a Croatian or foreign principal investigator of an ERC project, the required experience could be shorter than these thresholds.
  • For a foreign national, the criteria referred to a project in Croatia funding research for at least one year and at least three years of experience at ARWU top-300 universities.
The guide also highlights the organisational dimension of returning: overlapping research fields, allocation of resources or different funding conditions may create tensions. Before accepting a position, therefore, seek a clear definition of your field of work, role, resources and integration into the existing academic community.

Indicative net salaries and living costs

The figures in the guide are indicative estimates for 2026. Final net salary depends on the position, length of service, tax status, place of residence and allowances.

2026 estimates
Level Comparable positions Indicative net salary Note
Level 1 Research Associate / Assistant Professor EUR 2,000–2,200 per month The first independent research or research-and-teaching level.
Level 2 Senior Research Associate / Associate Professor EUR 2,200–2,900 per month The range depends on length of service, tax and allowances.
Level 3 Scientific Adviser / Full Professor EUR 2,900–3,300 per month Additional institutional responsibilities may receive extra remuneration.
Level 4 Scientific Adviser with permanent appointment / Full Professor with permanent appointment often above EUR 3,300 per month Depends particularly on length of service and allowances.

Monthly costs stated in the guide

Rent

EUR 700–1,000Zagreb, one-bedroom or small two-bedroom apartment

Approximately EUR 450–700 in Osijek, Slavonski Brod or Varaždin. Split and Dubrovnik are often comparable to Zagreb or more expensive, particularly during the tourist season.

Utilities

EUR 100–200Per household, per month

The estimate includes electricity, heating, water, building reserve fund, internet and mobile services.

Food

EUR 250–400One adult per month

The cost depends on dietary habits and eating out; families with children should expect higher costs.

Total for one person

EUR 1,300–1,800Zagreb, including rent and basic needs

A monthly public-transport pass in Zagreb is estimated at approximately EUR 40; running a car is considerably more expensive.

Additional project income

up to 30%Where permitted by the project and the institution's rules

The guide mentions the possibility of increasing salary through projects, as well as per diems, work for external stakeholders and supplements for project work packages.

Benefits stated for 2026

  • Annual leave of up to 30 days; the guide states a minimum of 20 days, +5 for job complexity, +2 per child and an additional amount based on length of service, without explaining the limits or calculation in detail.
  • Holiday allowance: EUR 300.
  • St Nicholas gift: EUR 100 per child.
  • Christmas bonus: EUR 300.
  • Annual Easter bonus: EUR 100.
Costs are indicative and vary significantly by city, lifestyle and household size. For additional estimates, the PDF refers readers to Numbeo, a user-generated and changing source, so the figures should not be treated as an official price list. The guide recommends considering tax relief, project income, and personal and family circumstances alongside salary.

Research funding and other measures

Before returning, check whether the institution has the administrative capacity to manage an international project, which funding sources it supports, and whether there is scope to develop your research group.

Check open calls

National and European sources

  • Croatian Science Foundation (HRZZ).
  • Horizon Europe and ERC and EIC grants.
  • COST research networks.
  • Bilateral and multilateral projects, including Weave calls.
  • The guide also lists WidERA/ERA Fellowships, ERA Chairs, M-ERA and QuantERA as separate examples.

Measures for returnees

  • The guide states that Croatian citizens, emigrants and their descendants who have lived abroad for a specified period may, subject to the prescribed conditions, qualify for a five-year income-tax exemption on employment income.
  • The PDF does not define the required period abroad or provide all conditions and procedural details, so eligibility should be checked directly with the Tax Administration.
  • Before moving, check your tax-residency status, double-taxation rules and any potential obligations to the country from which you are returning.
  • The Ministry of Demography and Immigration publishes changing calls for returnees and immigrants.
  • Such programmes may include relocation, integration, living costs or recognition of qualifications, but they are not permanently guaranteed categories of support.
  • For 2026, the guide highlights a pilot project funding translations of foreign higher-education qualifications.

Self-employment

  • HZZ measures may include business start-up support, contribution subsidies, training and mentoring.
  • “I Choose Croatia” may be relevant to returnees starting their own business activity.
  • In its description of “I Choose Croatia”, the guide states that applicants must be registered as unemployed with HZZ; check the specific call for applicability and current conditions.
  • In certain cases, additional support for relocation and living in less-developed areas is also mentioned.
  • Examples include spin-offs, consultancy, deep-tech start-ups and private research initiatives.
Tax conditions, HZZ measures and calls change regularly. The PDF does not provide application deadlines or funding amounts, but instead refers readers to changing calls. This block therefore does not turn the PDF's overview into a promise of entitlement or funding — check the current criteria before relocating, applying or starting a business.

Selected official and source links from the PDF

Links are grouped by task and open in a new tab.

Source: Penkala 2026
Employment, criteria and institutions
Diplomas, service, tax and day-to-day administration
Research funding
Return, support and self-employment
Penkala and the Croatian scientific diaspora
In 2025 and 2026, Penkala and the Institute for Migration Research, with co-funding from the Ministry of Demography and Immigration, conducted research on the Croatian scientific diaspora. The related recommendations in the guide are presented as the association's advocacy themes, not as public policies that have already been adopted.

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